Birasa nkubukwe butunganye, sibyo? Moteri ya mazutu ihujwe na moteri yamashanyarazi nimwe muribumwe busa nkibifite byose. Imwe isigaranye kandi yemeza ubwigenge bwinshi, indi ikora neza, icecekeye kandi "zero zangiza". Ubwoko bwa Angelina Jolie na Brad Pitt verisiyo yimodoka, cyangwa Sara Sampaio na njye… - Sara, niba usoma ibi, dore aho uhurira na Instagram yanjye. Ntabwo bibabaza kugerageza abasore ...
Ariko, ntanumwe murugero natanze utunganye. Abashakanye Brad Pitt na Angelina Jolie bamaze gutandukana, Sara Sampaio nanjye ntabwo twigeze duhura. Nta kintu na kimwe gitunganye. Kubijyanye na mazutu yamashanyarazi, benshi bananiwe byimazeyo guhemukira igitekerezo cyubukwe bwiza. Uyu munsi, umutwe wa "anti-Diesel" urashobora kubiryozwa, ariko ukuri ni uko iyi mibanire yamye igoye - hamwe na bimwe bidasanzwe tuzabona nyuma.
Muri iyi ntambara yo gushyigikira kuzigama, ni moteri ya lisansi (byombi bya Otto na Atkinson) biri ku isonga mu byabaye. Ariko kubera iki, niba Diesels yari ifite ibintu byose bigenda neza?
Toyota Toyota
Gutsindishirizwa kwiza numvise nabihawe numuyobozi wa Toyota. Toyota ntiyigeze yemera guhuza moteri yamashanyarazi na moteri ya mazutu. Iyo nanditse ntanarimwe, ntabwo aribyo.Numwanya ukomeye ariko tugomba guha Toyota inguzanyo. N'ubundi kandi, Toyota ni yo yatangije amashanyarazi mu myaka irenga 20 ishize. Mugihe ibirango bisigaye byafashe ingamba ziteye ubwoba, Toyota yujuje igituza cyayo umwuka hanyuma ijya imbere hamwe na Hybrid yambere itanga umusaruro. Byagenze neza kandi ibisubizo birahari.
Noneho izina ryumuyobozi wa Toyota Nagize amahirwe yo kuvugana mugihe cya Prius yerekanaga mpuzamahanga birampunga - ariko bigomba kuba byari bisa na Tamagochi San. Byendagusetsa kuruhande (nubwo isomo rikomeye na tekiniki…) ibi bishinzwe ikirango cyabayapani byashyize hamwe amahirwe yo kwinjira muri Diesel hamwe na moteri yamashanyarazi "bidafite ishingiro". Iki kiganiro cyari hashize imyaka ibiri, kandi "guhiga abarozi" - gusoma Diesel guhiga, byari bitaratangira.
Toyota isokoMoteri ya mazutu yombi na moteri yamashanyarazi nibyiza kuri rev. Noneho tuvuge iki ku bisigaye bisimburana? Twizera ko hagomba kubaho ubwuzuzanye hagati y ibisubizo. Ibi birashoboka gusa na moteri ya lisansi.
Toyota yangezeho izindi mpamvu zidafite ishingiro nkibikorwa bifatika. Ariko kuri ibyo bibazo bifatika, reka dukoreshe ingero za Audi na Peugeot.
Kugerageza na Audi na Peugeot
Iyo tuvuze kuri moderi ya Hybrid ya Diesel, ikirango cya mbere kiza mubitekerezo ni Peugeot. Yatangaje ikirango cy’Abafaransa mu 2011, ubwo yerekanaga Peugeot 3008 Hybrid4, kikaba aricyo cyambere cyatanze imodoka ya mazutu ijyanye na moteri y’amashanyarazi, ni ukuvuga mazutu ivanze.
Abanyaburayi baravuze bati: "Hanyuma, umuntu utwumva!"
Ariko, ubukwe bwa moteri ya mazutu ya Hybrid muri Groupe ya PSA yari iyigihe gito. Moderi eshatu gusa zamenye igisubizo: Peugeot 3008 Hybrid4, Peugeot 508 RXH na DS5 Hybrid4. Ibibazo byo kwerekana? Igiciro n'uburemere. Kubijyanye na Peugeot 3008 Hybrid4, uburemere bwa bateri bwagize ingaruka mbi kumyitwarire yicyitegererezo no gukora neza.
Mbere ya Peugeot, Itsinda rya Volkswagen ryari ryagerageje… birananirana. Itsinda rya mbere rya Volkswagen ryagerageje rwose. Hari mu 1987 igihe Volkswagen Golf Elektro Hybrid yatangizwaga. Icyitegererezo cyakoresheje moteri ya Diesel 1.6 ihujwe na moteri yamashanyarazi ifitanye isano nagasanduku gashinzwe. Hubatswe prototypes 20, ariko ibiciro byinshi no kudashishikazwa nigisubizo byateguye umushinga urangiye.
Ninde wakomeje gushishikazwa n'ikoranabuhanga ni Audi, yabonaga muri iryo koranabuhanga amahirwe menshi yo gukemura ikibazo cy’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Mu 1989, ikirango cyerekanye Audi 100 Avant Duo, icyitegererezo muburyo bwose busa nababanjirije Audi A6 ariko hamwe na moteri yamashanyarazi. Ariko, ibiciro byongeye kwerekana ko umushinga watsinzwe.
Muri 1996 - cyane cyane mu Kwakira 1996 - Audi yagarutse kuri "charge" hamwe no kwerekana igisekuru cya kabiri cya "Duo". Iki gihe ukoresheje urubuga rwa Audi A4 nshya.
Iyi moderi yakoresheje moteri izwi cyane ya 90 hp 1.9 TDI ifatanije na moteri yamashanyarazi 30 hp yashyizwe kumurongo winyuma. Batteri zishobora kwishyurwa mu rugo - isi ya mbere muri Hybrid Diesel - kandi ifite amashanyarazi 100% arenga 30 km. Byumvikane neza, sibyo?
Ibizamini byo kumuhanda byarakomeje kandi muri Nzeri umwaka ukurikira, Audi yerekanye verisiyo "yanyuma" ya Audi A4 Avant Duo i Frankfurt.
Urebye kuri Audi, yari ifite byose kugirango ikore… usibye igiciro. Audi A4 Avant Duo igura inshuro ebyiri inshuro zisanzwe. Audi yari yiteze kugurisha 500 / umwaka ariko nyuma y amezi make hamaze gukorwa ibice 60 gusa. Byongeye kandi, raporo yimikoreshereze mubihe "nyabyo" ntabwo yashyigikiye icyitegererezo.
Mu myaka mike, iyo Grupo PSA ifungura «igitabo cyamateka» - nubwo ibisubizo biri munsi y'ibiteganijwe… - ntibizashaka gusimbuka impapuro zabugenewe. Itsinda rya Volkswagen rizohereza ibivange bya Diesel kurupapuro, usibye moderi imwe itangaje: Volkswagen XL1.
Reka mvuge ko XL1 nimwe mubyo nkunda cyane bya Volkswagens - kwerekana ikoranabuhanga ryukuri 100%. Verisiyo ifite moteri ya Ducati - ifitwe na Audi - yari ikiri mu nzira, ariko byarangiye idatera imbere. Byarababaje…
Tumaze gukora uru rugendo mubihe byashize bya Diesels, reka tuganire kubyubu.
Volvo na Mercedes-Benz to «gutera»
Tugomba gutegereza imyaka 14 kugirango tubone itangizwa rya Plug-in Hybrid Diesel (nyuma yo kugerageza kwa Audi). Ikirangantego gishinzwe kugaruka kwikoranabuhanga ni Volvo, hamwe na V60 D6 Plug-in Hybrid. Icyitegererezo gifite 280 hp yingufu hamwe nibikorwa bishimishije cyane. Kimwe na Peugeot, Volvo nayo yagize icyo igeraho hamwe niyi moderi, yongeye kubangamirwa nigiciro nuburemere bwa seti. Icyitegererezo muri Porutugali, hamwe na leta, ndetse kibona igiciro cyiza.
Twageze i Mercedes-Benz. Mubirango byose, imwe ihitamo cyane kuri Diesels ya Hybrid ni Mercedes-Benz. Imodoka ya Mercedes-Benz S-300 ya Hybrid ya BlueTEC ni urugero rwiza murwego rwabadage.
Bwa mbere mu mateka, tubikesha iyi sisitemu, byashobokaga guha S-Class hamwe na moteri enye ya silinderi utiriwe uhumeka neza kandi byemewe bya moderi y'Ubudage - bigatuma umuntu yibagirwa S 250 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY ko ntabwo byagenze neza. Ku rundi ruhande, gukoresha kandi byungukiye kuri iki gisubizo gihuza moteri ya mazutu 204 hp na moteri ya 27 hp kuri moteri ntarengwa ya 500 Nm. Ntabwo ari babi…
Nubwo intambara ya 'anti-Diesel', ikirango cya Stuttgart gikomeje gushora imari muri moteri kubera imyuka ya CO2 nkeya. Inzira idashoboka kwigana ibirango rusange bitewe nigiciro kijyanye na tekinoroji yo gutunganya imyuka ya moteri ya mazutu igezweho. Mu modoka nyobozi igiciro ni ngombwa ariko ntabwo ari ngombwa.
Biracyaza muri 2018 tuzabona izindi moderi za Mercedes-Benz dukoresheje iri koranabuhanga, arirwo E-Class na C-Urwego rwa Mercedes-Benz A-Urwego ntiruringaniye, tekereza impamvu… neza: ikiguzi! Buri gihe ikiguzi.
Renault igisubizo "igice"
Nkuko twabibonye, ishyirahamwe rya moteri ya mazutu hamwe na moteri yamashanyarazi muri powertrain nigisubizo gihenze, gishobora kuvangwa gusa mumodoka yo murwego rwohejuru. Toyota igenda imbere gato muriyi myanya itavuga rumwe nayo, idahwema gushyigikira amashanyarazi yimodoka hamwe na moteri ya lisansi nkintangiriro icyaricyo cyose.
Ibyo byavuzwe, hasigaye kuvuga ku bufatanye bwa Renault-Nissan. Igifaransa cya Renault, hamwe n’Abayapani ba Nissan, bahisemo gukwirakwiza imodoka z’amashanyarazi kandi bategura igisubizo cyiza cyo gufasha moteri ya mazutu kwanduza no kurya bike. Ntabwo ari imvange yukuri, ahubwo ni yoroheje-ivanga.
Turimo kuvuga ku ishyirahamwe rya "umusaza" 1.5 dCi moteri hamwe na moteri ntoya yamashanyarazi ifite kilowati 10 gusa. Icyitegererezo cyambere cyo gukoresha ubwo buhanga ni Grand Scénic Hybrid Assist. Ariko hamwe na "gukanda" Diesels izababara mu mpera zuyu mwaka rwose ntabwo izaba iyanyuma - gukanda bizwi nka WLTP. Birashoboka ko Mégane nawe yitabaza iki gisubizo.
Bitandukanye n'ingero zose zatanzwe mu ngingo zose, kubijyanye na Renault, moteri yamashanyarazi ntabwo ifite ubwigenge buhagije bwo kugira uruhare rugaragara mukinyabiziga. Ahubwo, ni umufasha ukora kuri moteri nkuru ntaho bihuriye no kohereza - niyo mpamvu izina ryoroheje-rivanze (semi-hybrid). Byose byasobanuwe muriki kiganiro cyahariwe gutangiza sisitemu ya Hybrid Assist ya Renault. Ibyo ari byo byose, ntabwo aribyo byonyine. Audi SQ7 ni urundi rugero rwiza.
Moteri ya lisansi ya lisansi izakomeza kwiganza
Muri ibi bihe bidashidikanywaho kubyerekeye ejo hazaza h’imodoka, igenda yerekeza ku mashanyarazi, hari ibyemezo bibiri. Diesels irimbuka murwego rwo hasi (bitewe nigiciro), kandi bizaba moteri ya lisansi kugirango amahoro yimodoka 100%. Ibyo byavuzwe, mubyukuri ibisubizo bya mazutu bivanze nibishoboka gusa murwego rwo hejuru.
Byongeye kandi, moteri ya lisansi iragenda iba ubukungu kandi neza. Kuri ibyo bintu hiyongereyeho gukora neza no gucecekesha moteri ikoreshwa na lisansi. Niyo mpamvu ubwinshi bwibirango bihindura moteri ya lisansi.
Fata ikibazo cya Toyota, hamwe na Prius yatsinze. Cyangwa ikibazo cya Hyundai, cyatangije urwego rwose rwa Ioniq - twagerageje kandi tugereranya murwego rwose ntagushidikanya. Dufite Volvo, hamwe na "super" plug-in ya Hybride, aribyo Volvo XC60 na XC90 T8 ifite imbaraga ziri hejuru ya 400 hp. Itsinda rya Volkswagen, ryigeze gukora ibendera rya Diesels, rikurikira inzira imwe.
Mu myaka iri imbere Diesels izagumana natwe - ntukagwe mu mutego wo guhitana abantu benshi. Ariko ukuri ni uko, inzira yawe igenda iba ndende.