Inonzwika semuchato wakakwana, handizvo here? Injini yedhiziri yakasanganiswa nemota yemagetsi ndeimwe yemasangano aya anoita kunge ane zvese zvinogadzirisa. Imwe yakasununguka uye inovimbisa kuzvitonga kwakawanda, imwe yacho inoshanda zvakanyanya, yakanyarara uye "zero emissions". Zvakaita saAngelina Jolie naBrad Pitt mota yemhando, kana Sara Sampaio neni… - Sara, kana uri kuverenga izvi, heino chinongedzo ku Instagram yangu. Hazvirwadze kuedza varume...
Zvisinei, hapana mumwe wemienzaniso yandapa wakakwana. Vakaroorana Brad Pitt naAngelina Jolie vakatoparadzana, ini naSara Sampaio hatina kumbobatana. Hapana chakakwana. Kana iri mibatanidzwa yedhiziri-yemagetsi, mazhinji akakundikana pachena mukutengesa pfungwa yewanano yakakwana. Nhasi, sangano re "anti-Diesel" rinogona kupomerwa mhosva, asi chokwadi ndechokuti hukama uhwu hwakagara hwakaoma - nezvimwe zvinoremekedzwa zvatichaona gare gare.
Muhondo iyi mukuda kuchengetedza, injini dzepeturu (dzose dziri mbiri dzeOtto neAtkinson) dziri kumberi kwezviitiko. Asi sei, kana maDiesel aive nezvose zvekuenda zvakanaka?
Kururamisa kweToyota
The best justification yandakanzwa ndakapihwa nemukuru weToyota. Toyota haina kumbobvira yatenda mukubatanidza injini dzemagetsi nemajini edhiziri. Pandinonyora never, hazviite.Inzvimbo yakasimba asi tinofanira kupa Toyota chikwereti. Mushure mezvose, yaive Toyota yakatanga kuiswa kwemagetsi emotokari makore anopfuura makumi maviri apfuura. Nepo mamwe mabhureki akatora matanho anotya, Toyota yakazadza chipfuva chayo nemhepo ndokuenda kumberi neyekutanga misa-yekugadzira hybrid. Zvakafamba zvakanaka uye maresults ave kuoneka.
Ikozvino zita remaneja weToyota wandakawana mukana wekutaura naye panguva yairatidzwa Prius pasi rose randitiza — asi rinofanira kunge rakafanana naTamagochi San. Majee parutivi (kunyangwe nekuti nyaya yacho yakadzama uye ine tekinoroji…) uyu akatungamira rudzi rweJapan akaronga mukana wekujoinha Diesel ine mota yemagetsi se "zvisina musoro". Hurukuro iyi yaive makore maviri apfuura, uye "kuvhima varoyi" -verenga kuvhima kweDiesel, kwanga kusati kwatanga.
Toyota sourceEse maviri einjini dzedhiziri uye emagetsi emagetsi akanaka pa low revs. Saka zvakadii neasara renji rekutenderera? Isu tinotenda kuti panofanirwa kuve nekuwirirana pakati pemhinduro. Izvi zvinogoneka chete nemainjini epeturu.
Toyota yakandipa zvimwe zvikonzero zvisiri zvepfungwa zvakanyanya sezvinoshanda. Asi kune aya matambudziko anoshanda, ngatishandisei mienzaniso kubva kuAudi nePeugeot.
Kuedza neAudi nePeugeot
Kana tichitaura nezve Diesel hybrid modhi, mhando yekutanga inouya mumusoro iPeugeot. Yakazivisa rudzi rweFrance muna 2011, payakaratidza Peugeot 3008 Hybrid4, yaive mhando yekutanga kupa mota yedhiziri yakabatana nemagetsi emagetsi, kureva, dhiziri yakasanganiswa.
VaEurope vakati: "Pakupedzisira, mumwe munhu anotinzwisisa!"
Zvakadaro, michato yeinjini dzedhiziri dzakasanganiswa mukati mePSA Group dzakagara kwenguva pfupi. Mhando nhatu chete dzakaziva mhinduro iyi: Peugeot 3008 Hybrid4, Peugeot 508 RXH uye DS5 Hybrid4. Matambudziko kuratidza? Mutengo uye uremu. Panyaya yePeugeot 3008 Hybrid4, huremu hwemabhatiri hwaive nemhedzisiro yakaipa pamaitiro eiyo modhi uye kumhanya kunyaradza.
Pamberi pePeugeot, Volkswagen Group yakanga yatoedza… uye yakakundikana. Kuedza kwekutanga kweVolkswagen Group kwaiva kupayona zvechokwadi. Maiva 1987 pakatangwa pfungwa yeVolkswagen Golf Elektro Hybrid. Modhi yakashandisa 1.6 Diesel injini yakabatanidzwa kune mota yemagetsi yakabatana nehafu-otomatiki bhokisi. Makumi maviri ebvunzo prototypes akavakwa, asi mitengo yakakwira uye kushomeka kwekufarira mhinduro kwakaraira kupera kweprojekiti.
Ndiani akaramba achifarira tekinoroji yaive Audi, iyo yakaona mune iyo tekinoroji mukana wakawanda wekugadzirisa nyaya yekubuda uye kushandiswa. Muna 1989 mhando yakaunza Audi 100 Avant Duo, modhi munzira dzese dzakafanana neyakatangira yeAudi A6 asi ine mota yemagetsi yakabatana. Zvisinei, mari yakaratidza zvakare kukanganisa kweprojekti.
Muna 1996 - kunyanya munaOctober 1996 - Audi yakadzokera ku "charge" nekuratidzwa kwechizvarwa chechipiri che "Duo". Panguva ino uchishandisa chikuva cheAudi A4 ichangoburwa.
Iyi modhi yakashandisa yakakurumbira 90 hp 1.9 TDI injini yakabatana ne30 hp yemagetsi mota yakaiswa paekisero yekumashure. Mabhatiri aikwanisa kuchajwa kubva mudura remumba - nyika yekutanga muDiesel yakasanganiswa - uye yaive ne100% yemagetsi anodarika makiromita makumi matatu. Zvinonzwika zvakanaka, handizvo here?
Miedzo yemumugwagwa yakaenderera uye munaGunyana wegore raitevera, Audi yakaunza "yekupedzisira" vhezheni yeAudi A4 Avant Duo muFrankfurt.
Kubva pakuona kweAudi, yaive nezvose zvekugadzirisa ... kunze kwemutengo. Iyo Audi A4 Avant Duo inodhura zvakapetwa kaviri seyakajairwa vhezheni. Audi yaitarisira kutengesa 500 units / gore asi mushure memwedzi mishomanana mayuniti makumi matanhatu chete akange agadzirwa. Uyezve, mishumo yekushandiswa pasi pe "chaiyo" mamiriro akange asingatsigire modhi.
Mumakore mashoma, apo Grupo PSA inovhura yayo «nhoroondo bhuku» - zvisinei nemhedzisiro pazasi zvinotarisirwa… - haizoda kusvetuka mapeji akatsaurirwa kune iyi tekinoroji. Boka reVolkswagen richaendesa mahybrids ayo eDiesel kuzvinyorwa zvepasi, kunze kweimwe modhi yakanaka: Volkswagen XL1.
Rega nditaure kuti XL1 ndeimwe yeandinoda maVolkswagens - yechokwadi zana inoshanda tekinoroji showcase. Imwe vhezheni ine injini yeDucati - iyo iri yeAudi - yakanga ichiri mupombi, asi yakaguma isingaenderere mberi. Zvaisiririsa...
Mushure mekuita rwendo urwu munguva yakapfuura yeDiesels yakasanganiswa, ngatitaure nezve zvazvino.
Volvo neMercedes-Benz ku "kurwisa"
Taifanira kumirira makore gumi nemana kuti tione kutangwa kwePlug-in Hybrid Diesel zvakare (mushure mekuedza kwaAudi). Mucherechedzo wakakonzera kudzoka kweiyi tekinoroji yaive Volvo, ine V60 D6 Plug-in Hybrid. Modhi ine 280 hp yesimba rakasanganiswa uye kuita kunogutsa kwazvo. Kufanana nePeugeot, Volvo yakavewo nekubudirira kumwe neiyi modhi, iyo zvakare yakakanganiswa nemutengo uye huremu hweseti. Muenzaniso uyo muPortugal, nerutsigiro rwenyika, unotowana mutengo wakanaka.
Takasvika paMercedes-Benz. Pamhando dzese, iyo inonyanya kubheja pa hybrid Diesels parizvino iMercedes-Benz. Mercedes-Benz S-Kirasi 300 BlueTEC Mbeu dzakauchikwa ndiyo yakanakisa muenzaniso mukati merudzi rwemugadziri weGerman.
Kekutanga munhoroondo, nekuda kwehurongwa uhu, zvakakwanisika kushongedza S-Kirasi ine mana-cylinder injini pasina kunyura mukunyaradza uye kwakatsetseka magwaro emuenzaniso weGerman - zvichiita kuti munhu akanganwe nezve S 250 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY iyo. hazvina kushanda zvakanaka. Kune rimwe divi, kunwiwa kwakabatsirwawo nemhinduro iyi inosanganisa 204 hp injini yedhiziri ine 27 hp yemagetsi mota kune yakakura yakasanganiswa torque ye500 Nm. Kwete zvakaipa vakomana…
Zvisinei nehondo ye'anti-Diesel', mhando yeStuttgart inoramba ichiisa mari mumainjini aya nekuda kwekudzikira kwadzo CO2. Nzira isingagone kudzokororwa nemhando dzegeneralist nekuda kwemitengo inowanikwa kune matekinoroji ekurapa gasi rekupedza ejini dzemazuva ano dizeli. Mumotokari dzepamusoro mutengo wakakosha asi hausi wakanyanya kukosha.
Tichiri muna 2018 tichaona dzimwe mhando dzeMercedes-Benz dzichishandisa tekinoroji iyi, inova E-Kirasi uye C-Kirasi. Mercedes-Benz A-Kirasi yabuda muequation, fembera nei… chaizvo: mutengo! Nguva dzose inodhura.
Renault's "hafu" mhinduro
Sezvataona, kushamwaridzana kwemajini edhiziri nemagetsi emagetsi mumagetsi emagetsi ndiyo mhinduro inodhura, iyo inogona kungoderedzwa mumotokari dzepamusoro. Toyota inoenda mberi zvishoma munzvimbo inopikisa iyi, ichikurudzira kuisirwa magetsi kwemotokari ine injini dzepeturu senzvimbo yekutanga chero chikamu.
Izvo zvakati, zvinosara kutaura nezve Renault-Nissan mubatanidzwa. Renault's French, pamwe neNissan Japanese, vakabheja pakupararira kwemotokari dzemagetsi uye vakagadzira mhinduro ine hungwaru kubatsira injini dzedhiziri kusvibisa uye kushandisa zvishoma. Haisi yechokwadi yakasanganiswa, asi yakapfava-yakasanganiswa.
Isu tiri kutaura nezvekubatana kwe "mudhara" 1.5 dCi mota ine diki mota yemagetsi ine 10 kW chete yesimba. Yekutanga modhi kutora mukana weiyo tekinoroji yaive Grand Scénic Hybrid Assist. Asi ne “kusvinwa” kuchaita maDiesel pakupera kwegore rino zvirokwazvo hakusi kwekupedzisira — kusvinwa kunozivikanwa nekuti WLTP. Zvinogoneka kuti Mégane achashandisawo mhinduro iyi.
Kupesana nemienzaniso yese yakapihwa mukati mechinyorwa ichi, mune yeRenault, mota yemagetsi haina kuzvimiririra kwakakwana kuita basa rinoshanda mukufambiswa kwemotokari. Asi, ibasa rinoshanda kune injini huru isina kubatanidza zvakananga kune kutapurirana - saka zita rekuti mild-hybrid (semi-hybrid). Zvese zvinotsanangurwa muchinyorwa ichi chakatsaurirwa kuvhurwa kweRenault's Hybrid Assist system. Chero zvazvingava, handiyo chete. The Audi SQ7 mumwe muenzaniso wakanaka.
Gasoline Hybrid Injini Dzichaenderera Kuchitonga
Munguva dzino dzekusaziva nezveramangwana remota, iyo inonangana nekuisa magetsi, pane zvinhu zviviri. Diesel anoraswa muzvikamu zvakaderera (nekuda kwemutengo), uye zvichave kusvika kumajini epeturu kuita shanduko ine runyararo kuenda ku100% mota dzemagetsi. Izvo zvakati, zvechokwadi hybrid dhiziri mhinduro dzinoshanda chete muzvikamu zvepamusoro.
Mukuwedzera, injini dzepeturu dziri kuwedzera hupfumi uye hunobudirira. Kunowedzerwa kune izvi zvinhu ndiko kukura kukuru kwekumhanya uye kunyarara kwemainjini ane peturu. Ndokusaka huwandu hwakawanda hwemhando huchitendeukira kune peturu hybrid injini.
Tora nyaya yeToyota, nePrius yakabudirira. Kana iyo nyaya yeHyundai, iyo yakatanga huwandu hwakazara hweIoniq - iyo yatakaedza nekuenzanisa pamatanho ese pasina kupokana. Tine Volvo, ine “super” plug-in mahybrids, anoti Volvo XC60 neXC90 T8 ine masimba ari pamusoro pe400 hp. Volkswagen Group, iyo yakambogadzira mureza wayo Diesels, iri kutevera nzira imwe chete.
Kwemakore anotevera maDiesel acharamba ainesu - usabatwa nenjodzi yekutyisa zvakanyanya. Asi chokwadi ndechekuti nzira yako iri kuita diki.