Ukuze kuphunyezwe ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni efunwa kakhulu, ngaphezu kokufakelwa kombane, umanyano olwenziwe yiToyota, Subaru, Mazda, Yamaha kunye neKawasaki Heavy Industries igxile kwimizamo yayo yokwandisa iintlobo zamafutha asetyenziswa yinjini yokutsha yangaphakathi.
Ngeli xesha, kwelinye icala lehlabathi, eGlasgow, eSkotlani, kwiNkomfa yeMozulu yeCOP26, amazwe aliqela, izixeko, iinkampani kwaye, ewe, abavelisi beemoto batyikitye isibhengezo sokukhawulezisa ukufakelwa kombane ezimotweni ngo-2040 kwaye bawuphelise ukuze kulunge ngaphakathi. Injini yokutsha ukusuka kwi-equation.
Oko kwathiwa, le mbumbano ayithethi ukuba bachasene nezithuthi zombane - iToyota, iSubaru kunye neMazda nazo zibhengeze izicwangciso zokunyusa umbane kuluhlu lwazo. Kodwa baqhubeka bekhusela kuphela ukubaluleka kokugcina ukhetho oluvulekileyo, kodwa nokunika abathengi babo amandla okukhetha iteknoloji efanele iimfuno zabo.
Amanyathelo amathathu
Kodwa ukubheja okunjalo ekufakeni umbane akuthethi, ngokutsho kwabo, ukuba injini yomlilo yangaphakathi kufuneka ilahlwe, nokuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo imingeni eya kufuneka yoyiswe kwimveliso, ukuthutha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwala mafutha matsha.
Ngaloo ndlela, iinkampani ezintlanu zagqiba ekubeni zidibanise kwaye zilandele amanyathelo amathathu abhengezwe kwaye asetyenziswe, okokuqala, ngeveki yokugqibela kaNovemba 13 kunye ne-14, kwi-3H ye-Super Taikyu Race (i-endurance race Championship ) e-Okayama.
- ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimidyarho kusetyenziswa izibaso zekhabhoni;
- phonononga ukusetyenziswa kweenjini zehydrogen (zokutsha) kwizithuthuthu nakwezinye izithuthi;
- ukuqhubeka nokusebenza ngeenjini ze-hydrogen (zokutsha).
Ngaloo mpelaveki, kwaye ichasene nenyathelo lokuqala loku-1), iMazda yabaleka kwiklasi ye-ST-Q (iklasi yezithuthi ezikhuphisanayo ezingezo-homologated, oko kukuthi, zokulinga) ngeprototype Demio ("yethu" iMazda2) exhotyiswe nge- inguqulelo ye-1.5 Skyactiv-D injini yedizili esebenzisa idizili eveliswe kwi-biomass, ebonelelwa yi-Euglena Co., Ltd.
Yinjongo ye-Mazda ukwenza iimvavanyo ezininzi zokuqinisekisa, kungekhona nje ukwandisa ukuthembeka kobuchwepheshe obusetyenzisiweyo, kodwa kunye negalelo ekwandiseni ukusetyenziswa kwesizukulwana esilandelayo se-bio-diesel.
Kwelinye icala, bobabini iToyota kunye neSubaru babhengeze ukuthatha kwabo inxaxheba kwisizini ka-2022 yeSuper Taikyu Series, nakwiklasi ye-ST-Q, ngokulandelelana, i-GR86 kunye ne-BRZ eqhutywa ngamafutha okwenziwa, nawo aphuma kwi-biomass, ukuya ukukhawulezisa uphuhliso lobugcisa obunxulumeneyo.
Ngokuphathelele inyathelo 2), uYamaha noKawasaki baqalisa iintetho zophuhliso oludibeneyo lwe-injini yehydrogen yezithuthuthu. Kungekudala baya kudityaniswa ngabo bobabini iHonda kunye noSuzuki, abaya kukhangela iindlela zokufikelela ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni ebawayo kwakhona ngokusebenzisa iinjini zokutsha zangaphakathi kwiimoto ezinamavili amabini.
Kwinyathelo lesi-3) sibuyela kumxholo osele ujongwe yiRazão Automóvel: Injini ye-hydrogen yakwaToyota. Injini eyaphuhliswa sisigebenga saseJapan ukusukela ngo-2016 ngokusebenzisana neYamaha kunye neDenso.
Okwangoku, i-Toyota Corolla, eqhuba kwi-injini ye-GR Yaris, eguqulelwe ukusebenzisa i-hydrogen njengamafutha, sele ithathe inxaxheba kwiintlanga ezine (kubandakanywa ne-Okayama). Ukususela ekuvavanyeni kokuqala - Iiyure ezingama-24 zeFuji Super TEC - i-evolution ye-injini ibe yinto eqhubekayo kwaye iziphumo ziyamangalisa.
Emva kwemidyarho emibini yokuqala, iToyota yabhengeza ukuba i-injini ye-hydrogen yeCorolla yayisele ihambisa amandla angama-20% ngaphezulu kunye ne-torque engama-30% ngaphezulu, kwaye emva kogqatso lwesithathu, inguqu yamva nje ye-injini yabona amandla ayo kunye nexabiso letorque linyuka. , ngokulandelelanayo, i-5% kunye ne-10% ngaphezulu, sele igqithise ukusebenza kwe-injini yepetroli elinganayo.
Ngaphandle kokunyuka kwamandla kunye ne-torque, i-Toyota ithi ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha kuhlala kunjalo. Ukuba babuyele kumandla kunye namaxabiso e-torque ogqatso lokuqala (Iiyure ezingama-24 iFuji Super TEC), ukusetyenziswa kwabo kwepetroli kuya kuba ngama-20%.
Imingeni
Ukongeza kula manyathelo agxininise ekusetyenzisweni kwe-carbon neutral fuels, imingeni ekufuneka yoyiswe ibhekiselele kwimveliso yabo kunye nokuthutha. UToyota usebenzisane noomasipala abaliqela kunye neenkampani ukukhusela i-hydrogen eluhlaza abayidingayo kwixesha elizayo leSuper Taikyu Series. Le hydrogen iya kuvela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwi-biogas eveliswa kugutyulo, ukuya ekusebenziseni amandla elanga kunye ne-geothermal.
Ngokunxulumene nezothutho, owona mceli mngeni mkhulu usekunyuseni ukusebenza kakuhle kwayo yonke le nkqubo. Ukusuka kwiilori ezizithuthayo (uhlobo lwamafutha asetyenziswayo kunye nodidi lwe-injini) ukuya kwiitanki zokugcina i-hydrogen.
Iilori ezisetyenziselwa ukuthutha i-hydrogen zisebenzisa iitanki zentsimbi ezithi, ngaphezu kobunzima, zingavumeli uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwangaphakathi, olunciphisa isixa se-hydrogen ezinokuthwala. I-Toyota, ngokubambisana ne-CJTP (i-Toyota kunye ne-Commercial Japan Partnership Technologies), iya kusebenzisa iitanki ezikhanyayo (i-carbon fiber) ezivumela uxinzelelo oluphezulu, usebenzisa i-teknoloji efanayo esele izamile kwi-Mirai.