Kuvakala njengomtshato ogqibeleleyo, akunjalo? Injini yedizili edityaniswe nemoto yombane yenye yezo manyano ekubonakala ngathi inazo zonke izinto. Enye ikhuselekile kwaye iqinisekisa ukuzimela okuninzi, enye isebenza kakuhle, ithe cwaka kwaye "i-zero emissions". Uhlobo olufana no-Angelina Jolie kunye nohlobo lwemoto yeBrad Pitt, okanye uSara Sampaio kunye nam… — USara, ukuba uyafunda le, nali ikhonkco ku-Instagram wam. Ayibuhlungu into yokuzama guys...
Nangona kunjalo, akukho namnye kwimizekelo endinike yona ogqibeleleyo. Isibini uBrad Pitt kunye no-Angelina Jolie sele behlukene, uSara Sampaio kwaye andizange ndihlangane. Akukho nto igqibeleleyo. Ngokubhekiselele kwiimanyano zedizili-zombane, uninzi lwasilela ngokuphandle ukungcatsha umbono womtshato ogqibeleleyo. Namhlanje, intshukumo "ye-anti-Diesel" inokugxeka, kodwa inyaniso kukuba olu lwalamano luhlala lunzima - kunye nezinye izinto ezihloniphekileyo esiza kuzibona kamva.
Kweli dabi lokonga, ziinjini zepetroli (yomibini imijikelo ye-Otto kunye ne-Atkinson) ephambili kwimisitho. Kodwa kutheni, ukuba i-Diesels yonke into ihamba kakuhle?
Ukuthetheleleka kweToyota
Esona sizathu ndisivayo ndasinikwa ligosa lakwaToyota. I-Toyota ayizange ikholelwe ekudibaniseni iinjini zombane kunye neenjini zedizili. Xa ndibhala soze, soze.Sisikhundla esomeleleyo kodwa kufuneka sinike iToyota credit. Ngapha koko, yayiyiToyota eyaqalisa ukufakelwa kombane kwinqwelo-mafutha ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-20 eyadlulayo. Ngelixa ezinye iibrendi zathatha amanyathelo othusayo, iToyota yazalisa isifuba sayo ngomoya yaza yaya phambili ngomxube wokuqala wokuvelisa ubunzima. Ihambe kakuhle kwaye iziphumo ziyabonakala.
Ngoku igama lomphathi wakwaToyota endifumene ithuba lokuthetha naye ngethuba iPrius inikezela ngentetho kumazwe ngamazwe liyandibaleka — kodwa inokuba yayifana nekaTamagochi San. Iziqhulo ecaleni (nakuba umbandela unzulu kwaye unobuchule…) lo xanduva lophawu lwaseJapan lwahlela ukuba nokwenzeka kokujoyina iDizili enenjini yombane “njengengekho ngqiqweni”. Le ncoko yayineminyaka emibini edlulileyo, kwaye "ukuzingela kwamagqwirha" -funda ukuzingela kweDizili, kwakungekaqhambuka.
Umthombo weToyotaZombini ii-injini zedizili kunye neenjini zombane zilungile kwi-revs ephantsi. Ke kuthekani ngoluhlu oluseleyo lokujikeleza? Sikholelwa ukuba kufuneka kubekho ukuhambelana phakathi kwezisombululo. Oku kunokwenzeka kuphela ngeenjini zepetroli.
AbakwaToyota bandinike izizathu ezithe chatha ezingaqiqiyo kangako njengokuba zisebenza. Kodwa kwezi ngxaki zisebenzayo, masisebenzise imizekelo evela kwa-Audi kunye ne-Peugeot.
Iinzame ze-Audi kunye ne-Peugeot
Xa sithetha ngeemodeli ze-Diesel hybrid, uphawu lokuqala oluthi qatha engqondweni yi-Peugeot. Yabhengeza uphawu lwesiFrentshi ngo-2011, xa yayibonisa i-Peugeot 3008 Hybrid4, eyayiyeyokuqala ukunikezela ngesithuthi sedizili esihambelana nemoto yombane, oko kukuthi, idizili exutyiweyo.
Abantu baseYurophu bathi: "Ekugqibeleni, umntu osiqondayo!"
Nangona kunjalo, imitshato yeenjini zedizili ezixutyiweyo phakathi kwePSA Group yaba yeyomzuzwana. Iimodeli ezintathu kuphela ezikwaziyo esi sisombululo: Peugeot 3008 Hybrid4, Peugeot 508 RXH kunye ne-DS5 Hybrid4. Iingxaki ukukhomba? Ixabiso kunye nobunzima. Kwimeko ye-Peugeot 3008 Hybrid4, ubunzima beebhetri zineempembelelo ezimbi kwindlela yokuziphatha yemodeli kunye nokuqhuba induduzo.
Phambi kwePeugeot, iQela leVolkswagen lalisele lizamile… kwaye lasilela. Ilinge lokuqala leQela lakwaVolkswagen yaba bubuvulindlela bokwenene. Kwakungowe-1987 xa iVolkswagen Golf Elektro Hybrid concept yaziswa. Imodeli esebenzise i-1.6 ye-injini ye-diesel edityaniswe ne-motor yombane ehambelana ne-semi-automatic box. Iiprototypes zovavanyo ezingamashumi amabini zakhiwe, kodwa iindleko eziphezulu kunye nokungabikho komdla kwisisombululo kuchaza ukuphela kweprojekthi.
Ngubani owahlala enomdla kwitekhnoloji yayingu-Audi, owabona kulo teknoloji amandla amaninzi okujongana nomcimbi wokukhutshwa kunye nokusetyenziswa. Ngo-1989 uphawu lwazisa i-Audi 100 Avant Duo, imodeli ngandlela zonke efana neyandulelayo ye-Audi A6 kodwa kunye nemoto yombane ehambelana nayo. Nangona kunjalo, iindleko kwakhona zalatha ukusilela kweprojekthi.
Ngowe-1996 - ngakumbi ngo-Oktobha 1996 - Audi wabuyela "intlawulo" kunye nomboniso wesizukulwana sesibini "Duo". Ngeli xesha kusetyenziswa iqonga le-Audi A4 esanda kuqaliswa.
Le modeli isebenzise injini edumileyo ye-90 hp 1.9 TDI ngokubambisana ne-30 hp yemoto yombane efakwe kwi-axle yangasemva. Iibhetri zinokutshajiswa kwivenkile yasekhaya - ilizwe lokuqala kwiDizili edibeneyo - kwaye inoluhlu lombane lwe-100% olungaphezulu kwe-30 km. Ivakala kakuhle, akunjalo?
Iimvavanyo zendlela zaqhubeka kwaye ngoSeptemba wonyaka olandelayo, i-Audi yabonisa inguqulelo "yokugqibela" ye-Audi A4 Avant Duo eFrankfurt.
Ngokwembono ye-Audi, ibinayo yonke into ekufuneka yenziwe… ngaphandle kwexabiso. I-Audi A4 Avant Duo ixabisa kabini inguqulelo eqhelekileyo. I-Audi kulindeleke ukuba ithengise iiyunithi ezingama-500 ngonyaka kodwa emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa kuphela iiyunithi ezingama-60 ziye zaveliswa. Ngaphezu koko, iingxelo zokusetyenziswa phantsi kweemeko "zokwenene" azizange zixhase imodeli.
Kwiminyaka embalwa, xa i-Grupo PSA ivula "incwadi yembali" yayo - nangona iziphumo zingaphantsi kokulindela ... - ayifuni ukutsiba amaphepha anikezelwe kobu buchwepheshe. IQela leVolkswagen liza kuthumela i-Diesel hybrids kumanqaku asezantsi, ngaphandle kwemodeli enye emangalisayo: iVolkswagen XL1.
Manditsho ukuba i-XL1 yenye yeeVolkswagens endizithandayo - umboniso oyinyaniso we-100% osebenzayo wetekhnoloji. Uguqulelo oluxhotyiswe nge-injini ye-Ducati - ephethwe yi-Audi-yayisesembhobho, kodwa yaphela ingaqhubeli phambili. Yayibuhlungu...
Sele silwenzile olu hambo kwixesha elidlulileyo leDizili ezixutyiweyo, makhe sithethe ngoku.
IVolvo kunye neMercedes-Benz "zihlasela"
Kwafuneka silinde iminyaka eyi-14 ukuze sibone ukuqaliswa kwePlug-in Hybrid Diesel kwakhona (emva kwemizamo ye-Audi). Uphawu olujongene nokubuyiswa kobu buchwepheshe yiVolvo, kunye ne-V60 D6 Plug-in Hybrid. Imodeli ene-280 hp yamandla adibeneyo kunye nokusebenza okwanelisayo kakhulu. NjengoPeugeot, iVolvo nayo ibe nempumelelo kule modeli, eyaphinda yaphazanyiswa lixabiso kunye nobunzima besethi. Imodeli ePortugal, ngenkxaso karhulumente, ide ifumane ixabiso elihle.
Safika kwaMercedes-Benz. Kuzo zonke iibrendi, eyona ibheja kakhulu kwi-hybrid Diesels okwangoku yiMercedes-Benz. I-Mercedes-Benz S-Class 300 BlueTEC Hybrid ngowona mzekelo ubalaseleyo phakathi koluhlu lomenzi waseJamani.
Ngethuba lokuqala kwimbali, ngenxa yale nkqubo, kwakunokwenzeka ukuxhobisa i-S-Class nge-injini ye-cylinder ezine ngaphandle kokukrazula kwinduduzo kunye neziqinisekiso ezigudileyo zemodeli yaseJamani - ukwenza umntu alibale nge-S 250 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY ukuba khange isebenze kakuhle. Kwelinye icala, ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kuxhamle kwesi sisombululo esidibanisa i-204 hp injini yedizili kunye ne-27 hp motor yombane ye-torque ephezulu edibeneyo ye-500 Nm.
Ngaphandle kwemfazwe 'echasene neDizili', uphawu lweStuttgart luyaqhubeka ukutyala imali kwezi njini ngenxa yokukhutshwa kwazo okuphantsi kweCO2. Indlela engenakwenzeka ukuba iphindaphindwe ziimpawu eziqhelekileyo ngenxa yeendleko zetekhnoloji yokunyanga iigesi zokukhupha iinjini zedizili zanamhlanje. Kwiimoto zesigqeba ixabiso libalulekile kodwa alibalulekanga kakhulu.
Kusenjalo ngo-2018 siza kubona ezinye iimodeli zeMercedes-Benz zisebenzisa le teknoloji, ezizezi E-Class kunye neC-Class. I-Mercedes-Benz A-Class iphumile kwi-equation, qikelela ukuba kutheni ... ngqo: iindleko! Ngalo lonke ixesha iindleko.
Isisombululo “sesiqingatha” sikaRenault
Njengoko sibonile, ukudibanisa kweenjini ze-diesel kunye neenjini zombane kwi-powertrain isisombululo ebiza kakhulu, esinokuhlanjululwa kuphela kwiimoto eziphezulu. I-Toyota iqhubela phambili kancinci kule ndawo ichaseneyo, ikhuthaza ngokungaguqukiyo ukufakelwa kombane kwimoto eneenjini zepetroli njengesiqalo nokuba leliphi na icandelo.
Oko kuthethiweyo, kusafuneka kuthethwe ngomanyano lweRenault-Nissan. AbakwaRenault baseFrentshi, kunye nabakwaNissan baseJapan, babheje ngokusasazwa kweemoto zombane kwaye baphuhlise isisombululo sobuchule bokunceda iinjini zedizili zingcolise kwaye zisebenzise kancinci. Ayingomhlanganiselwa wokwenyani, kunoko ngumxube ophakathi.
Sithetha ngombutho "wendoda endala" i-1.5 dCi motor ene-motor encinci yombane ene-10 kW kuphela yamandla. Imodeli yokuqala ukuthatha ithuba lobu buchwepheshe yayiyiGrand Scénic Hybrid Assist. Kodwa "ngokucudisa" okuza kubandezeleka iiDizili ekupheleni kwalo nyaka ngokuqinisekileyo ayisayi kuba yeyokugqibela - ukucudisa okwaziwa njengeWLTP. Kungenzeka ukuba uMégane naye abhenele kwesi sisombululo.
Ngokuchasene nayo yonke imizekelo enikwe kulo lonke inqaku, kwimeko ye-Renault, i-motor yombane ayinakho ukuzimela okwaneleyo ukudlala indima esebenzayo kwi-propulsion yesithuthi. Kunoko, i-axiliary esebenzayo kwi-injini engundoqo ngaphandle koqhagamshelwano oluthe ngqo kwi-transmission - kungoko igama elithi mild-hybrid (semi-hybrid). Konke kuchazwe kweli nqaku elinikezelwe ekusungulweni kwenkqubo yoNcedo lweRenault yeHybrid. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, akukuphela kwemeko. I-Audi SQ7 ngomnye umzekelo omhle.
Iinjini ze-Gasoline Hybrid ziya kuqhubeka zilawula
Kula maxesha okungaqiniseki malunga nekamva lemoto, elijonge ekufakeni umbane, kukho izinto ezimbini eziqinisekileyo. I-diesel igwetyelwe kwiindawo eziphantsi (ngenxa yeendleko), kwaye kuya kuba kwiinjini zepetroli ukwenza utshintsho olunokuthula ukuya kwi-100% yeemoto zombane. Oko kwathiwa, izisombululo zedizili ezixubileyo zisebenza kuphela kumacandelo aphezulu.
Ukongeza, ii-injini zepetroli ziya zinoqoqosho kwaye zisebenza kakuhle. Kongezwa kwezi zinto kukuhamba kakuhle okukhulu kunye nokuzola kweenjini ezisebenza ngepetroli. Yiyo loo nto uninzi lwemveliso luguqukela kwiinjini ze-petroli ezixutyiweyo.
Thatha imeko yeToyota, kunye nePrius ephumeleleyo. Okanye imeko yeHyundai, eyasungula uluhlu olupheleleyo lwe-Ioniq - esiye sayivavanya kwaye siyithelekisa kuwo onke amanqanaba ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo. SineVolvo, kunye ne "super" plug-in hybrids, ezizezi iVolvo XC60 kunye neXC90 T8 enamandla angaphezu kwe-400 hp. IQela lakwaVolkswagen, elakhe lenza iflegi yeeDizili zalo, lilandela indlela enye.
Kwiminyaka ezayo i-Diesel iya kuhlala nathi - musa ukuba lixhoba le-alarm yeyona nto iyingozi kakhulu. Kodwa inyaniso kukuba, indlela yakho iya iba mxinwa.