Kuzwakala njengomshado ophelele, akunjalo? Injini kadizili ehlanganiswe nenjini kagesi ingenye yalezo zinyunyana ezibonakala zinakho konke okudingayo. Eyodwa ayisebenzi futhi iqinisekisa ukuzimela okuningi, enye isebenza kahle kakhulu, ithule futhi "i-zero emissions". Uhlobo olufana no-Angelina Jolie kanye nenguqulo yemoto kaBrad Pitt, noma mina noSara Sampaio… — USara, uma ufunda lokhu, nasi isixhumanisi se-Instagram yami. Akubuhlungu ukuzama bafo...
Nokho, asikho nesisodwa izibonelo engizinikezile esiphelele. Umbhangqwana u-Brad Pitt no-Angelina Jolie sebevele bahlukene, mina noSara Sampaio asikaze sihlangane. Akukho lutho oluphelele. Ngokuqondene nezinyunyana zika-diesel-electric, iningi lahluleka ngokusobala ukukhaphela umqondo womshado ophelele. Namuhla, ukunyakaza kwe-"anti-Diesel" kungasolwa, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi lobu buhlobo buhlale buyinkimbinkimbi - ngokuhlukile okuhloniphekile esizokubona kamuva.
Kule mpi yokonga, izinjini zikaphethiloli (zombili imijikelezo ka-Otto no-Atkinson) ezihamba phambili emicimbini. Kodwa kungani, uma uDizili bekufanele konke kuhambe kahle?
Ukulungisiswa kweToyota
Ukuziphendulela okuhle engikuzwile ngakunikezwa isikhulu sakwaToyota. KwaToyota abakaze bakholelwe ekuhlobaniseni izinjini zikagesi nezinjini zikadizili. Uma ngibhala neze, akukaze kwenzeke.Kuyisikhundla esiqinile kodwa kufanele sinikeze iToyota udumo. Phela yiToyota eyaqala ukufakwa kukagesi kule moto eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-20 edlule. Ngenkathi ezinye izinhlobo zithatha izinyathelo ezinamahloni, i-Toyota yagcwalisa isifuba sayo ngomoya futhi yaqhubekela phambili ne-hybrid yokuqala yokukhiqiza ngobuningi. Ihambe kahle nemiphumela iyabonakala.
Manje igama lomphathi wakwaToyota engaba nethuba lokukhuluma naye ngesikhathi iPrius yethulwa emhlabeni wonke liyangiphunyuka - kodwa kufanele ukuthi lalifana nelikaTamagochi San. Amahlaya eceleni (ngisho ngoba isihloko sibucayi futhi sinobuchwepheshe…) lokhu okubophezeleke kumkhiqizo waseJapan kuhlukanise ithuba lokujoyina iDizili enenjini kagesi “njengokungenangqondo”. Le ngxoxo yenzeka eminyakeni emibili edlule, futhi "ukuzingela abathakathi"—funda ukuzingela ngodizili, kwakungakaphumi nokugqama.
Umthombo wakwaToyotaZombili izinjini zikadizili nezinjini zikagesi zinhle kuma-revs aphansi. Manje-ke kuthiwani ngamabanga asele wokuzungezisa? Sikholelwa ukuthi kumele kube nokuhambisana phakathi kwezixazululo. Lokhu kungenzeka kuphela ngezinjini zikaphethiloli.
AbakwaToyota banginikeze izizathu ezengeziwe ezingenangqondo kangako njengokusebenza. Kodwa kulezi zinkinga ezingokoqobo, masisebenzise izibonelo zakwa-Audi ne-Peugeot.
Imizamo ye-Audi ne-Peugeot
Uma sikhuluma ngamamodeli ayi-Diesel hybrid, uhlobo lokuqala olufika emqondweni iPeugeot. Yamemezela uhlobo lwesiFulentshi ngo-2011, ngesikhathi yethula iPeugeot 3008 Hybrid4, okwakuwumkhiqizo wokuqala ukunikeza imoto kadizili ehambisana nenjini kagesi, okungukuthi, i-hybrid diesel.
AbaseYurophu bathi: "Ekugcineni, umuntu osiqondayo!"
Nokho, imishado yezinjini ezihlanganisiwe zikadizili ngaphakathi kwe-PSA Group yaba eyesikhashana. Zintathu kuphela izinhlobo ezizaziyo lesi sixazululo: iPeugeot 3008 Hybrid4, iPeugeot 508 RXH neDS5 Hybrid4. Izinkinga ukukhomba? Inani nesisindo. Endabeni yePeugeot 3008 Hybrid4, isisindo samabhethri sibe nemithelela engemihle ekuziphatheni kwemodeli nokunethezeka kokusebenza.
Ngaphambi kwaPeugeot, iVolkswagen Group yayisivele yazama… futhi yehluleka. Umzamo wokuqala weVolkswagen Group kwaba ukuphayona ngempela. Kwakungu-1987 ngesikhathi kwethulwa iVolkswagen Golf Elektro Hybrid concept. Imodeli esebenzisa injini ye-1.6 Diesel ehlanganiswe nenjini kagesi ehlotshaniswa nebhokisi le-semi-automatic. Kwakhiwe ama-prototypes okuhlola angamashumi amabili, kodwa izindleko eziphezulu kanye nokuntuleka kwesithakazelo esixazululweni kwasho ukuphela kwephrojekthi.
Owahlala enentshisekelo kubuchwepheshe kwakungu-Audi, owabona kulobo buchwepheshe amandla amaningi okubhekana nenkinga yokukhipha umoya nokusetshenziswa. Ngo-1989 lo mkhiqizo wethula i-Audi 100 Avant Duo, imodeli ngayo yonke indlela efana neyamanduleli we-Audi A6 kodwa enenjini kagesi ehambisana nayo. Nokho, izindleko ziphinde zabeka ukwehluleka kwephrojekthi.
Ngo-1996 - ngokunembe ngo-October 1996 - Audi wabuyela "icala" wethula isizukulwane sesibili "Duo". Kulokhu kusetshenziswa inkundla ye-Audi A4 esanda kwethulwa.
Le modeli yasebenzisa injini edumile engu-90 hp 1.9 TDI ngokuhambisana nenjini kagesi engu-30 hp efakwe ku-axle yangemuva. Amabhethri angashajwa esitolo sasendlini - okungowokuqala emhlabeni nge-hybrid Diesel - futhi abe nebanga likagesi elingu-100% elingaphezu kuka-30 km. Kuzwakala kukuhle, akunjalo?
Ukuhlolwa komgwaqo kwaqhubeka futhi ngoSepthemba wonyaka olandelayo, i-Audi yethula inguqulo “yokugcina” ye-Audi A4 Avant Duo eFrankfurt.
Ngokombono we-Audi, ibinakho konke okumele kulungiswe… ngaphandle kwentengo. I-Audi A4 Avant Duo ibiza ngokuphindwe kabili kunenguqulo evamile. I-Audi bekulindeleke ukuthi idayise amayunithi angama-500 ngonyaka kodwa ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa kwase kukhiqizwe amayunithi angama-60 kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imibiko yokusetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezimo “zangempela” ayizange iyisekele imodeli.
Eminyakeni embalwa, lapho i-Grupo PSA ivula «incwadi yomlando» yayo - ngaphandle kwemiphumela engaphansi kokulindelwe… — ngeke ifune ukweqa amakhasi anikezelwe kulobu buchwepheshe. I-Volkswagen Group izodlulisela ama-hybrids ayo eDizili emibhalweni yaphansi, ngaphandle kwemodeli eyodwa enhle kakhulu: iVolkswagen XL1.
Mangisho ukuthi i-XL1 ingelinye lamaVolkswagens engiwakhonzile — umbukiso weqiniso osebenza ngo-100%. Inguqulo efakwe injini yeDucati - okungeye-Audi - yayisaqhubeka, kodwa yagcina ingaqhubeki phambili. Kwadabukisa...
Ngemva kokwenza lolu hambo esikhathini esidlule se-hybrid Diesels, ake sikhulume ngezwe lamanje.
IVolvo kanye neMercedes-Benz "bahlasela"
Kwadingeka silinde iminyaka engu-14 ukuze sibone kwethulwa kabusha i-Plug-in Hybrid Diesel (ngemuva kokuzama kwe-Audi). Uhlobo olunesibopho sokubuyiswa kwalobu buchwepheshe yiVolvo, ene-V60 D6 Plug-in Hybrid. Imodeli enamandla angu-280 hp wamandla ahlanganisiwe nokusebenza okwanelisa kakhulu. NjengoPeugeot, iVolvo nayo ibe nempumelelo kule modeli, ephinde yaphazanyiswa inani nesisindo sesethi. Imodeli leyo e-Portugal, ngokusekelwa kombuso, ithola ngisho nenani elihle.
Safika kwaMercedes-Benz. Kuwo wonke amabhrendi, leyo ebheja kakhulu kuma-hybrid Diesels okwamanje yiMercedes-Benz. I-Mercedes-Benz S-Class 300 BlueTEC Hybrid iyisibonelo esihle kakhulu phakathi kwebanga lomkhiqizi waseJalimane.
Ngokokuqala ngqa emlandweni, ngenxa yalolu hlelo, ukwazile ukuhlomisa i-S-Class ngenjini enamasilinda amane ngaphandle kokucisha ukunethezeka nobushelelezi bemodeli yaseJalimane - okwenza umuntu akhohlwe nge-S 250 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY akusebenzanga kahle. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusetshenziswa kuphinde kwazuza kulesi sixazululo esihlanganisa injini kadizili engu-204 hp nenjini kagesi engu-27 hp ngetorque ehlanganisiwe engu-500 Nm. Akunjalo guys...
Naphezu kwempi 'ephikisana noDizili', uhlobo lwe-Stuttgart luyaqhubeka nokutshala imali kulawa manjini ngenxa yokukhishwa kwawo okuphansi kwe-CO2. Indlela engeke ikwazi ukuphindwa yizinhlobo zama-generalist ngenxa yezindleko ezihambisana nobuchwepheshe bokwelapha amagesi aphumayo ezinjini zesimanje zikadizili. Ezimotweni eziphezulu intengo ibalulekile kodwa ayibalulekile kakhulu.
Kusenjalo ngo-2018 sizobona ezinye izinhlobo zeMercedes-Benz zisebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe, okuyi-E-Class kanye ne-C-Class. I-Mercedes-Benz A-Class iphumile ku-equation, qagela ukuthi kungani… impela: izindleko! Njalo izindleko.
Isixazululo “esiyingxenye” yakwaRenault
Njengoba sesibonile, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinjini ze-diesel ezinama-motor kagesi ku-powertrain kuyisixazululo esibizayo, esingahlanjululwa kuphela ezimotweni eziphezulu. I-Toyota iya phambili kancane kulesi simo esiphikisayo, ngokungaguquki ikhuthaza ukufakwa kukagesi kwemoto ngezinjini zikaphethiloli njengesiqalo noma ngabe isiphi isigaba.
Sekushiwo lokho, kusazokhuluma ngomfelandawonye wakwaRenault-Nissan. AbakwaRenault French, kanye nabakwaNissan baseJapan, babheje ukusabalala kwezimoto zikagesi futhi sebeqhamuke nekhambi eliwubuhlakani ukusiza izinjini zikadizili zingcolise futhi zidle kancane. Akuyona i-hybrid yeqiniso, kunalokho i-mild-hybrid.
Sikhuluma ngokuhlangana kwe"khehla" elingu-1.5 dCi motor enenjini encane kagesi enamandla angu-10 kW kuphela. Imodeli yokuqala eyasizakala ngalobu buchwepheshe kwakuyiGrand Scénic Hybrid Assist. Kodwa “ngokumpintshana” okuzobhekana noDizili ekupheleni kwalo nyaka ngokuqinisekile ngeke kube okokugcina — ukumpintshana okwaziwa nge-WLTP. Kungenzeka ukuthi uMégane naye uzosebenzisa lesi sixazululo.
Ngokuphambene nazo zonke izibonelo ezinikezwe kuso sonke i-athikili, endabeni ye-Renault, injini kagesi ayinakho ukuzimela okwanele ukudlala indima esebenzayo ekuqhumeni kwemoto. Kunalokho, iyinsiza esebenzayo enjinini eyinhloko ngaphandle kokuxhumana okuqondile nokudlulisela - yingakho igama elithi mild-hybrid (semi-hybrid). Konke kuchazwe kulesi sihloko esinikezwe ukwethulwa kohlelo lweRenault Hybrid Assist. Kunoma yikuphi, akulona icala kuphela. I-Audi SQ7 ingesinye isibonelo esihle.
Izinjini Ezihlanganisiwe zikaphethiloli zizoqhubeka nokubusa
Kulezi zikhathi zokungaqiniseki ngekusasa lemoto, ejwayele ukufakwa kukagesi, kunezinto ezimbili eziqinisekile. Udizili ulahlwe kumabanga aphansi (ngenxa yezindleko), futhi kuzoba phezulu ezinjinini zikaphethiloli ukwenza izinguquko ezinokuthula ziye ku-100% wezimoto zikagesi. Sesikushilo lokho, izixazululo zedizili ezixubile zisebenza kuphela ezingxenyeni eziphakeme.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinjini zikaphethiloli ziyonga kakhulu futhi zisebenza kahle. Okungezwe kulezi zici ukushelela okukhulu kokusebenza kanye nokuthula kwezinjini ezisebenza ngophethiloli. Kungakho iningi lemikhiqizo liphendukela ezinjinini ezixubile zikaphethiloli.
Thatha udaba lweToyota, nePrius ephumelele. Noma indaba yakwaHyundai, eyethule uhla olugcwele lwe-Ioniq - esiyihlolile futhi sayiqhathanisa nawo wonke amazinga ngaphandle kokungabaza. SineVolvo, nama-plug-in ayo “esuper”, okuyiVolvo XC60 neXC90 T8 enamandla angaphezu kuka-400 hp. IQembu lakwaVolkswagen, elake lahamba phambili ngodizili, lilandela umgudu ofanayo.
Eminyakeni ezayo uDizili uzohlala nathi — ungabi yisisulu sokuxwayiswa okuyingozi kakhulu. Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi, indlela yakho iya iba yincane.